In relation to ADS-B, why do I need a 1090ES transponder versus a 978 MHz UAT?
If you fly above FL180, you must use a transponder capable of 1090ES (extended squitter) for ADS-B Out. If you fly internationally, you must use 1090ES as well. Therefore, you must continue to use a transponder in these applications. The 978 MHz UAT is only for use below FL180.